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Organizational Communication and Performance of Employees in Wajir County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Abdi, Mohammed Adow
Public institutions in Kenya grapple with serious challenges in organizational communication over clarity, efficiency, and information dissemination channels, which, in turn, have an adverse effect on decision-making, productivity, and employee morale. In counties such as Wajir, where issues of geography, culture, and infrastructure add to the communication challenges, the primary objective of this study is to assess organizational communication and performance in Wajir County, Kenya. The study sought to assess the effect of clarity in communication, efficiency in communication, and overload of information, on an employee-based performance in Wajir County. The theoretical framework for the study consisted of relevant systems theory and the Social Information Processing (SIP) Theory. The descriptive research design was used in guiding all 4,100 employees working in various county departments and offices, while Yamane (1970) formula gave a sample of 364 respondents through both proportionate stratified and random sampling techniques. The quantitative data was gathered through a semi structured questionnaire. In addition to the questionnaire, qualitative data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with a select group of department heads and managers. The pilot study was carried out with a sample 36 respondents who are similar to the actual participants in Wajir County. The quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the responses from the questionnaire, providing an overview of the central tendencies and distributions of the key variables’ clarity, efficiency, information overload, channels of communication, and employee performance. For qualitative data analysis, the responses from semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Thematic analysis involved identifying and coding key themes related to the research objectives, such as communication clarity, information overload, and the effectiveness of communication channels. The study concludes that key dimensions of organizational communication significantly influence employee performance within Wajir County. Employees generally perceive communication as clear, particularly concerning direct supervisory interactions and task instructions, which is crucial for understanding roles and expectations. Similarly, communication processes are largely seen as efficient, enabling prompt access to necessary information and effective utilization of communication
Entrepreneurship Management Practices and Youth Empowerment Programs in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Adam, Mohamed Mustafa Haji
Youth unemployment is a growing global issue, exacerbating poverty and dependency cycles that hinder development. In response, governments and development partners have introduced national policies, programs, and funding to furnish young people with the essential knowledge and skills to overcome these challenges. Despite the initiatives by the various stakeholders to improve youth empowerment, it has remained below the threshold. Available data indicated that Somalia is still experiencing one of the highest youth unemployment rates globally at 67%. Additionally, the low education levels, which stand at 60%, have contributed to Somali youth's inability to receive entrepreneurial training. Therefore, the primary focus of the research was to ascertain the effect of entrepreneurship management practices on youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Precisely, the study examined the impact of resource orientation, entrepreneurship culture, growth orientation, and management structure on youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. The empowerment theory, stakeholder’s theory, dynamic capability theory, and theory of innovation anchored the study. The study used a descriptive research design. The target population included four hundred youth in youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Proportional stratified and simple random sampling techniques determined a response size of two hundred participants. The study used structured questionnaire and Twenty respondents participated in a pilot exercise. In order to verify the suitability of the data collection instrument, reliability and validity assessments were implemented. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze quantitative data. A response rate of ninety-three percent was sufficient to make judgments and infer conclusions from the data. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The study established a positive and significant relationship between resource orientation, entrepreneurship culture, growth orientation, and management structure in youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study recommends that the policymakers, development partners, and community leaders prioritize the integration of entrepreneurship training and support systems within youth programs. The study should include the establishment of innovation hubs, access to micro-financing and startup capital, mentorship opportunities, and business development services tailored to the needs of young entrepreneurs. Furthermore, it is imperative to integrate entrepreneurship education into school curricula and community outreach programs to foster entrepreneurial perspectives from a young age.
Cash Transfer Program and Education Access by Orphans in Public Secondary Schools in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Karanja, Faith
The cash transfer program in Kiambu County, Kenya has significantly improved educational access for orphans in public secondary schools. But the County's cash transfer programs for disadvantaged children are only helping a tiny fraction of the orphans enrolled in public secondary schools. Consequently, the purpose of this research is to examine how a cash transfer program in Kiambu County, Kenya, affects the number of orphans able to attend public secondary schools there. The particular goals of this study were to determine how factors such as program coverage, distribution channels, targeting techniques, frequency of payments, and quantity of cash delivered affect the ability of orphans in Kiambu County, Kenya to attend public secondary schools for their education. Both capital theory and the theory of educational transformation served as frameworks for our investigation. The research strategy for this study is a descriptive one. We were directed by efforts on the secondary public schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. According to the Kiambu County Children's Office (2023), 540 beneficiary homes were surveyed. Additionally, 10 members of the Beneficiary Welfare Committee and 5 members of the Constituency Social Assistance Committee were asked to participate as respondents. Participants were chosen from each category using a simple random selection procedure, once the research sample has been selected using a stratified sampling method. A total of 232 people were included in the sample. The main data was gathered via a structured questionnaire. There was a total of 23 participants in the pilot trial. In order to prove that the evaluation measures what it claimed to, the study used validity procedures such as content validity, criteria validity, and face validity. The questionnaire's reliability was assessed using a Cronbach's alpha (α) test. The findings were presented in narrative form once the theme analysis approach has been applied to the qualitative data gathered from the open-ended questions. The quantitative data was analyzed using statistical methods that include standard deviation and mean. Data was shown visually via the use of tables and figures. The study found that the amount of cash distributed, frequency of payment, targeting mechanisms, delivery channels and program coverage were significantly related to the education access by orphans in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study concludes that a higher cash distribution amount directly correlates with the ability of orphans to pay school fees and purchase necessary supplies such as textbooks, uniforms, and stationery. The monthly payments make education more accessible for families with irregular income, allowing them to budget more effectively. When orphans receive focused support, enrollment rates in public secondary schools generally rise. Programs that engage local communities in the educational process can be especially advantageous for orphans, as they often offer additional assistance, mentorship, and resources tailored to the needs of these vulnerable children. Factors such as the location of schools and the availability of transportation significantly influence orphans' ability to attend school. The study suggests that the County should seek grants from international organizations, NGOs, and foundations dedicated to education and child welfare. Additionally, the County should advocate for increased government funding specifically designated for orphans and vulnerable children in the education sector. It is also recommended that the County promote collaboration among government agencies, private sector partners, and educational institutions to establish sustainable funding and support systems. Furthermore, the County should implement community outreach initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of education
Motivational Initiatives and Employee Performance in Kenya Revenue Authority in Nairobi City County
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Wango, Mercy Njoki
The employee performance at the Kenya Revenue Authority highlights significant challenges in meeting targets and achieving operational efficiency. Recent assessment shows that a substantial percentage of employees consistently underperform adversely affecting the Authority's revenue collection capabilities. The internal reports indicate that around 30% of staff have failed to meet their quarterly targets over the past year, resulting in a decline in revenue collection rates. Additionally, efficiency metrics reveal a 15% increase in the average processing time for tax returns, indicating difficulties in workload management. In this regard, the study examined the effect of motivational initiatives on employee performance at the Kenya Revenue Authority in Nairobi City County. The motivational initiatives studied were; monetary rewards, promotion, recognition and incentives. Theories applied included; goal-setting theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory, expectancy theory and incentive theory. The methodology used in the study was use of descriptive research design. The organization targeted was Kenya Revenue Authority and the respondents were 338 employees. The sample design used was stratified technique and the selection of the respondents was done using simple random sampling method. The sample size was 183 respondents determined by applying Taro Yamane formula. The type of data collection tool used was a semi-structured questionnaire. Piloting of questionnaire was done at Customs Services Department involving 18 respondents who represented 10% of the sample size. The validity of the instrument was ensured by applying the content and face validity assessments. The reliability was determined by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in which the study achieved and aggregate alpha value of 0.774 which meant that the questionnaire items were reliable. The analysis of qualitative data was done thematically and results presented in narrative form. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and use of inferential statistics like correlation analysis and regression analysis. The presentation of results was in tables and figures. The study revealed that monetary rewards (β=0.0215, p=0.003), promotion (β=0.0306, p=0.002), recognition (β=0.0411, p=0.001) and incentives (β=0.0233, p=0.001) significantly influence the employee performance. The conclusions made from the study findings were that proper structuring if monetary reward is an indicator that the organization is appreciative of the employees’ achievements which nurture the required character improving employee morale thus the culture of the organization is reinforced. The organization has embraced promoting employees to enhance their present talents and to recognize efforts put by the employees which motivate the employees who become encouraged work with the organization. There is strategy to recognize well performing employees which makes them to feel more valued at their workplace. The organization implements incentive program aimed at making the employees to continue working with the organization. Therefore, the recommendation brought from the conclusions were that there is need to provide incentives such as bonuses and revenue sharing programs for present recognition of employees who are contributing much to the organization at the same time promoting better performance. The organization must guarantee that employees comprehend their roles, responsibilities, and performance expectations from the very beginning to empower them to work towards defined objectives. The organization ought to consistently inquire with its employees about their preferred type of recognition, ensuring they feel valued and acknowledged. The organization ought to tailor employee rewards to match local preferences to promote inclusivity and increase their effectiveness.
Financial Innovations and Cost Efficiency of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Otondi, Faith Moraa
The banking sector in Kenya has experienced fluctuating cost efficiency amid rapid financial innovations, raising concerns among regulators and practitioners about sustainable operational performance. Persistent high cost-to-income ratios, averaging 48% from 2020-2023, imply elevated operational risks and reduced profitability, which undermine financial intermediation and economic growth. It is therefore critical to enhance cost efficiency to bolster sector resilience and investor confidence. Kenyan commercial banks have adopted various innovations, yet challenges in optimizing costs under inflationary pressures persist. This study examined the effect of financial innovations on the cost efficiency of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of product innovation on cost efficiency of commercial banks in Kenya; to establish the effect of system innovations on cost efficiency of commercial banks in Kenya; to analyze the effect of process innovations on cost efficiency of commercial banks in Kenya; and to evaluate the moderating effect of inflation on the relationship between financial innovations and cost efficiency of commercial banks in Kenya. The investigation was anchored in the Efficiency Structure Theory, Transaction Cost Theory, Resource-Based View Theory, and Innovation Diffusion Theory. The study targeted a census of all 39 commercial banks licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya and employed a descriptive research design with an explanatory approach. Secondary data were extracted from CBK reports and bank financial statements spanning 2020 to 2024, supplemented by primary data from structured questionnaires administered to 68 respondents. Inferential analysis utilized multiple linear regression models alongside Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients, while means and standard deviations supported descriptive evaluation. Correlation outcomes reflected moderate negative relationships with cost efficiency: system innovations displayed the strongest link, followed by process innovations, and product innovations. The GLS regression findings showed that product innovations had a negative influence on cost efficiency, system innovations a stronger negative effect, and process innovations a significant negative effect. Moreover, results from the Whisman moderation test revealed that inflation positively moderated the association between financial innovations and cost efficiency, amplifying cost pressures annually. In conclusion, adopting product, system, and process innovations enhanced cost efficiency in commercial banks, though inflation eroded these gains, particularly for system and product innovations. Consequently, the study recommends that banks prioritize system and process innovations while implementing inflation-hedging strategies, such as dynamic pricing and fintech partnerships, to maximize operational efficiency