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Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
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Internal Control Systems and Financial Governance of Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mahat, Abdikher Billow
Nairobi City, Kenya’s capital and largest urban center, is a key driver of the country’s economy. However, it faces significant financial challenges that impact its overall performance. The county only manages to collect between 40% and 50% of its potential tax revenue, falling short of the national urban average .Additionally, outdated revenue collection systems and inefficiencies in tax administration, including reliance on manual processes, have caused delays and revenue leakages. Corruption and mismanagement within collection agencies have eroded public trust and compliance, complicating reform efforts. Therefore, this study strived to ascertain internal control systems effects on financial governance of Nairobi City County, specifically on theeffect of control environment, risk management, control activities, monitoring activities and information communication. Resource dependency, agency and systems theories anchored the review. Employing explanatory design, the study targeted 89 employees from ministry of finance and economic planning. A census method was applied and therefore, the sample size was 89 respondents. For data collection, a structured questionnaire for collecting data was utilized. Quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed via statistical methods, including descriptive measures such as the mean and variability indicators like the standard deviation. Inferential statistics, including regression and correlation analyses, were employed to investigate variables’ relationships, with the outcomes depicted in graphs, charts and tables for clarity. The control environment, risk management, control activities, monitoring activities and information communication were found to have significantly influenced Kenya’s Nairobi City County financial governance. The study concludes that whole financial management effectiveness and integrity of the County had been positively influenced by its control environment mechanisms. Risk management of the County had enhanced the financial monitoring and process of making decision by the County. The control activities influence the County's financial governance by ensuring that financial operations are conducted transparently and accountably. The County's monitoring efforts help identify misappropriations and areas of financial mismanagement, allowing for prompt corrective measures to be implemented. The County’s communication of information guarantees that all its stakeholders gain improved understanding of its financial policies, budget allocations, and expenditures, fostering trust and accountability. The study recommends that the County needs to establish thorough training initiatives for employees to improve their knowledge of internal controls and financial management. The county ought to perform a thorough risk assessment to formulate strategies aimed at mitigating these risks. The County should allocate resources towards robust management of the financial system to enhance financial reporting’s accuracy and efficiency. The County should set forth explicit objectives by determining the areas that necessitate monitoring, and by defining specific, measurable goals to facilitate the process and create a framework for monitoring initiatives.
Relationship between Sexting and Suicidal Behaviour among Undergraduate University Students in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Kioni, Magdaline
Across the globe, sexting is considered one of the major contributors to negative mental health among young adults, especially those in higher learning institutions. Sexting also negatively affects the psychosocial well-being of those involved, including public humiliation. Thus, this study's purpose was to evaluate the relationship between sexting and suicidal behaviour among Kenyan university students. Specifically, the study sought to determine the prevalence of various forms of sexting, establish the prevalence of suicidal behaviour, determine the association between various forms of sexting and suicidal behaviour, and establish gender, age and social environment differences in relation to sexting and suicidal behaviour among undergraduate university students. This study was informed by two theoretical approaches; these include Interpersonal-psychological theory and multiple goal theory. These two approaches explain human behaviours and related psychological problems. The study used a correlational research design. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect primary data using Focus Group discussions and a research questionnaire, which was adapted from the SBQ-R. The questionnaire was adopted in the study because it is a standard and widely validated tool for assessing suicidal behaviour. A total of 30,000 students had an equal chance to take part in the study. All ten universities located in Kiambu County were included in the study. In the 10 universities, a total of 384 students were randomly sampled from various departments, also sampled via simple random sampling. Data analysis was done through both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS (Version 25.0) computer software program. The study only focused on undergraduate students in Kiambu County, and therefore, postgraduate students were not included. The study faced a non-response challenge given the sensitivity of the topic, but this was overcome by assuring respondents of the confidentiality of their information. The study revealed that there is a positive, strong and significant relationship between various forms of sexting and suicidal behaviour among undergraduate university students (r=0.574; p=0.000). The study found that there is a significant sex differences in relation to sexting among undergraduate university students since the p-values (0.040 and 0.037) were less than 0.05. The study found that there is no sex difference in relation to suicidal behaviour among undergraduate university students since the p-values (0.142 and 0.140) >0.05. The research established that sexting is very prevalent among undergraduate university students, with the most common forms of sexting being sext messages, images and videos. The study also concluded that there is a positive, strong and significant relationship between various forms of sexting and suicidal behaviour among undergraduate university students. The study recommends that University management should prioritize the mental health and well-being of students by integrating comprehensive education on the risks associated with sexting into the university’s orientation programs and ongoing awareness campaigns. The study also recommends that student leadership at the universities in Kenya should advocate for peer-led initiatives that encourage safe online behaviours and create a culture of respect and consent among students. The study suggests that future research use primary and secondary data to investigate the connection between sexting and suicidal behaviour among undergraduate university students.
Resource-Based Conflict and Education Access in Secondary Schools in Laikipia County, Kenya.
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Maina, Eric Kamau
Education is a fundamental right that must not be ignored in any context. Nevertheless, existing political circumstances like resource-based conflicts have significantly hindered teachers, families, students, and other important stakeholders from achieving this objective. This research aimed to examine the connection between resource-based conflicts and access to education in Laikipia County. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of ethnicity on educational access in secondary schools within Laikipia County, Kenya. The second aim was to assess the impact of agro-pastoral conflicts on educational access. Additionally, the research sought to evaluate how cattle rustling affects access to education. Finally, the investigation focused on the implications of small arms proliferation on educational access in Laikipia County, Kenya. The theoretical framework included Conflict Theories, Socio-Cultural Theory, and Rational Choice Theory. A mixed-methods approach was utilized to collect both qualitative and quantitative data, guided by four independent variables: ethnicity, agro-pastoral conflict, cattle rustling, and the proliferation of small arms. The study has one dependent variable which is education access. The study's target population was identified through the stratified random sampling method, which categorized participants into distinct groups, including school principals, heads of households, security personnel, and representatives from teachers' unions. The sample size was determined to be approximately 236 respondents, with data gathered via semi-structured questionnaires that featured both open-ended and Likert scale items. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and regression models for quantitative data, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The information was systematically coded and organized into themes and visual representations. The results indicated that over 75% of respondents acknowledged that factors such as ethnicity, agro-pastoral conflicts, cattle rustling, and the spread of small arms adversely affect access to education in secondary schools within Laikipia County, Kenya. This study concludes that Inter-ethnic clashes have indeed impacted student’s ability to access education, frequent land invasions by pastoralists and farmers have disrupted educational activities in secondary schools in Laikipia County, and cattle rustling in these regions have increased the likelihood of attacks which has resulted in drastic impact on secondary school education and proliferations of small arms have increased incidences of violent crimes to secondary schools in Laikipia County. The research suggests that the Ministry of Education ought to extend necessary support to regions impacted by inter-ethnic conflicts. Additionally, the Laikipia County government should implement development policies and land tenure systems that adequately acknowledge the needs and interests of pastoralists, alongside those of agriculturalists, ranchers, and urban populations.
First Mover Strategy and Competitive Advantage of Selected Originator Pharmaceutical Companies in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Kachoga, Luka Mwafwali
In the rapidly evolving global landscape, pharmaceutical managers face crucial task of understanding and executing strategies to stay aligned with the constantly changing business environment. Therefore, in a fast-changing global environment, pharmaceutical managers in Kenya face the challenge of implementing strategic approaches to remain competitive. Despite the effort, Competitive Advantage among Originator Pharmaceutical Companies in Kenya remain below expectations. In 2020, pharmaceutical companies accounted for only 4.6% of the country's export share, despite importing an average of 60% of pharmaceutical products between 2017 and 2021. Hence, this study investigated the effect of first mover strategies on competitive advantage of originator pharmaceutical companies in Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the effect of barriers to entry strategy on competitive advantage of originator pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, determined the effect of rapid product cycles on competitive advantage of originator pharmaceutical companies in Kenya, assessed the effect of mass market dominance on competitive advantage of originator pharmaceutical companies in Kenya. Finally, the study evaluated the effect of niche market penetration strategy on competitive advantage of originator pharmaceutical companies in Kenya. The research was guided by the game theory, firm capability theory, and the theory of innovation. The research applied descriptive design, the target population was 583 employees of selected originator pharmaceutical companies however, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to pick 322 respondents. Data was collected using a semi-structured survey, the researcher tested face and content validity of the questionnaire through experts’ opinion while the reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient where a score of 0.7 and above was accepted. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential techniques, and the results presented through tables and figures for ease of understanding and interpretation. Results indicated that barriers to entry, rapid product cycles, mass market dominance, and niche penetration strategies were significantly affecting competitive advantage of the selected originator pharmaceutical companies. The researcher recommended that originator pharmaceutical companies should enhance their competitive advantage using first-mover strategies by lobbying the government to strengthen the barriers to entry, investing in R&D, agile manufacturing, marketing, and niche market penetration.
Integrated Financial Management Information System Capabilities and Performance in Turkana County Government, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Lokuno, Johnson Lokunyuk
Integrated financial management information system (IFMIS) is one of the sub-systems within the information systems. It provides all the historical, present and future information related to an organization’s finances, presents them to the parties interested in these resources whether they are internal or external ones. IFMIS can be described as automation of Public Expenditure Management process which entails; formulation of budgets, execution of budgets and accounting with the help of a fully integrated system for financial management for line ministries and other spending agencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capabilities and performance of integrated financial management information system integration in Turkana County Government, Kenya. The study was guided by the following research objectives on the effect of IFMIS infrastructure; information storage; management commitment and data security and the performance of Turkana County Governments. This study was done using a descriptive survey research design. Target population refers to the entire group of individuals or objects to which researchers are interested in generalizing the conclusion. The study targeted a population of 150 staffs in Turkana County Government comprising of ICT officers, accounting officers, accountants, senior procurement officers and assistant procurement officers. The sample size of 109 respondents was used and it was determined using stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive, relational and inferential analysis. The findings were presented using tables and figures. The findings indicated that system infrastructure, information storage, management commitment and data security significantly and positively influenced the performance of the Turkana County Government. The study concludes that a strong system infrastructure facilitates better communication among different departments and agencies within the county government. Effective information storage allows for the collection and analysis of data, enabling government officials to make informed decisions based on real-time information and trends. Dedicated management streamlines processes, reduce bureaucratic delays, and enhance the overall efficiency of service delivery to the residents of Turkana County. Data security measures protect the personal information of citizens, including health records, financial data, and identification details, thereby fostering trust in government services. The study recommends that the County should invest in expanding internet access across the county, particularly in remote areas, to facilitate communication, data sharing, and access to online services. The County should implement cloud storage solutions to ensure that data is securely stored and easily accessible from multiple locations. The County should implement regular training sessions for management and staff to enhance their skills in leadership, project management, and public administration.