Kenyatta University Repository
Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
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Serotype diversity of foot and mouth disease virus and molecular characterization of serotype O strains from 2019 and 2020 outbreaks in Kenya
(Benha University, 2025-04) Josiah, Judith M.; Nyamache, Anthony K.; Woldemariyam, Fanos T.; Kariuki, Christopher K.; Paeshuyse, Jan; Kamau, Joseph
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a viral infection affecting ruminants and leads to great economic losses. Control and prevention have been a challenge despite the availability of vaccines. The causative agent exists in seven serotypes and is endemic in Kenya, with serotypes O, A, SAT (South African Territory) 1, and SAT 2 and having circulated in the recent past. This study was aimed at determining the current serotype diversity and serotype O variants during the study period. A cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 267 epithelial samples were collected from animals during the disease outbreaks of 2019 and 2020. Antigen detection was performed using ELISA (Enyme-Linked Immunosorbed Assay). The negative samples were inoculated on LFBK(Line of Fetal Bovine Kidney) monolayer cells followed by a repeat ELISA for CPE(Cytopathic Effect) positive samples. The partial VP1 gene for serotype O samples was amplified and directly sequenced. The generated sequences were analyzed and compared with the vaccine strain. The prevalence of FMDV was 65.9% (176/267) and serotypes SAT 1, O, SAT 2, and A in the order of decreasing prevalence were circulating. Serotype O viruses analyzed belonged to the EA 2 against the EA 1 vaccine strain in use. For better control of the disease, this study recommends close monitoring of the circulating serotypes and topotypes, and, regular vaccine matching to ensure vaccine effectiveness.
Change Management Practices and Performance of Telecommunication Companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Strategic Journals, 2024-11) Omukoko, Moses Lutta; Njuguna, Reuben Kinyuru
This research ascertained the impact of change management strategies on the performance of telecommunication
firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya, taking into account the current situation. This research utilized a descriptive
research design. The study population consisted of all the managers drawn from the four telecommunication firms
in Nairobi City County. The data gathering process utilized both primary and secondary data collection
methodologies. Questionnaires were utilized to collect primary data. The data was analyzed utilizing both
descriptive and inferential statistics, utilizing the SPSS version 24. The descriptive analysis entailed calculating the
frequencies and percentages of the demographic data of the respondents. Furthermore, means and standard
deviations were utilized for all variables. The study investigated the impact of strategic leadership, strategic
alliance, strategic marketing, and technology adoption on the performance of telecommunication businesses in
Nairobi city county, Kenya. The results showed a considerable beneficial influence of these factors on company
performance. Strategic leadership helps in setting a clear direction and vision for the organization and facilitates
effective decision-making. Strategic alliances, when effectively utilized as a change management strategy, can
significantly enhance an organization's performance by enabling organizations to access new markets and
customers, facilitating knowledge sharing and learning and helping organizations reduce costs and risks. Strategic
marketing as a change management strategy can help improve an organization's performance in helping in
aligning the organization's marketing efforts with its overall strategic goals and objectives, ensuring that all
marketing activities are working towards the same end result. Technology allows for more efficient and effective
communication within an organization. The research recommends that the firm should focus on creating a culture
of innovation and continuous improvement. The organization should focus on building strong relationships with
partners and stakeholders so as to create a collaborative environment that fosters innovation and creativity.
Organization should utilize marketing principles and techniques to drive positive change within an organization.
One of the most effective ways to enhance technology adoption is through training and education programs
Analyzing CAMELS Financial Indicators and the Performance of Microfinance Banks in Kenya
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS OF ACADEMICS & RESEARCH ( IJARKE Business & Management Journal), 2024) Gitagia, Francis; Imaana Kimathi Andrew
Microfinance institutions in Kenya play a crucial role in the economy, contributing 18% to the GDP and employing 20% of the
population. However, the Return on Assets (RoA) for these institutions has declined from 3.5% in 2018 to 1.5% in 2022. This
study aimed to analyze the impact of selected CAMELS financial indicators on the financial performance of Kenyan
microfinance banks, specifically examining capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings ability, and
liquidity. It also explored the moderating role of market concentration on these relationships. The study, grounded in several
financial theories, targeted 14 microfinance banks and utilized descriptive research design and comprehensive data analysis
through SPSS. The results, derived from Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) regression, indicated that capital
adequacy, asset quality, and management efficiency positively influence financial performance, whereas earnings ability has a
negative impact. The study emphasizes the need for improved credit risk assessment, staff training, profitability, and liquidity
management to enhance financial performance. Ethical guidelines were strictly followed throughout the research, ensuring
integrity and reliability of the findings.
Trade Openness, Export Quality and Economic Growth Nexus in Kenya
(THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES, 2024-06) Gacheru, Washington Mbuthia; Gachoki, Charles
Economic growth is a major concern for developing and underdeveloped countries. High economic growth creates
opportunities for poverty eradication, employment creation, investment, and wealth creation. While measures to
enhance cross-border trade are regarded as effective in enabling economic growth, studies have yielded mixed results
on their impacts. Kenya's trade openness level has declined, besides the country implementing various policies to
strengthen cross-border trade. Trade openness declined from 57 percent to 27 percent between 1990 and 2020,
underscoring the need to understand its effects on Kenya's economy. The general objective of this research was to
analyze the impact of trade openness on Kenya's economic growth, and the specific objectives were to determine the
impact of trade openness on the economic growth of Kenya and to establish the effects of the quality of exported
products on economic growth in Kenya. Ordinary least squares estimation technique was used to determine the
relationship among variables. The study established that trade openness does not lead to increased economic growth
in Kenya. The research further found that an increase in the quality of exports increases economic growth in Kenya.
The study concluded that Kenya should enhance the quality of its exports and diversify them to improve economic
growth. Further, the paper observed that Kenya should lower the cost of doing business in the country to make her
industries and products competitive, which can help ensure trade openness positively impacts the country's economy.
It was observed that attempts to restrict trade openness are likely to lead Kenya to experience similar measures from
its trading partners
Effects of Debt Financing on the Financial Performance of Investment Firms Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange – Kenya
(IJARKE Journals, 2024-06) Gathogo, Stephen Mwai; Irungu, Anthony Mugetha
Achieving optimal financial performance is imperative for businesses, especially in the competitive landscape of global markets marked by intense rivalry and an oligopolistic structure. Many companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) have adopted a strategy of leveraging debt to bolster their asset base and enhance profitability. Despite the anticipated benefits for operational support, historical trends underscore a concerning pattern. Companies heavily reliant on loans within their shareholders' wealth have consistently incurred substantial losses, leading to severe credit crises where their debts surpass their total wealth. This study, employing a descriptive survey design focusing on five NSE-listed investment firms, investigates the repercussions of debt financing on financial performance. Drawing on data from diverse sources, including CMA reports and online resources, the quantitative analysis reveals a clear correlation: debt financing corresponds to a decline in the financial success of investment firms. With a mean debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) of 1.247, suggesting adequacy for shortterm obligations, it aligns with the consensus that D/E should not exceed 2.0. The study underscores the need for policymakers and regulatory bodies, particularly the CMA, to formulate effective guidelines and policies for prudent debt management among listed investment firms.