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Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
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Usawiri wa Wahusika Vimada Katika Riwaya Teule za John Habwe: Mfano Kutoka kwa Paradiso (2005), Cheche za Moto (2008) na Safari ya Lamu (2011)
(Kenyatta University, 2025-06) Munguti, Catherine Ndinda; King'ei, Kitula
Osore, Miriam
Utafiti huu umechunguza usawiri wa vimada katika riwaya teule za John Habwe. Riwaya zilizoteuliwa katika utafiti huu ni zifuatazo: Paradiso (2005), Cheche za Moto (2008) na Safari ya Lamu (2011). Riwaya hizi ziliteuliwa kutokana na motifu ya wahusika vimada wanaobainika wakiwemo Sakina, Fatuma na Maimuna mtawalia. Uchunguzi wa usawiri wa vimada ulikuwa muhimu kwa sababu ni suala ibuka katika jamii ya kisasa. John Habwe ameziandika riwaya zenye kuwaibua wahusika vimada wanaoishi na wanaume nje ya misingi ya ndoa. Tafiti mbalimbali zimefanywa kuhusu usawiri wa wahusika katika utanzu wa riwaya ya Kiswahili. Baadhi ya tafiti hizi ni pamoja na Muindi (1990), Saro (2017), Mavisi (2019) na Kanwa (2022). Tafiti hizi zimeeleza usawiri wa wahusika wa wanawake kwa jumla katika riwaya. Hata hivyo, hazijaweza kufafanua usawiri wa wahusika vimada jambo ambalo limefanywa na utafiti huu. Malengo ya utafiti huu ni: kufafanua usawiri wa wahusika vimada katika riwaya teule, kubaini vichocheo kwa wahusika kuwa vimada na kuchanganua athari za hali ya maisha ya wahusika vimada katika riwaya teule. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya uhalisia. Nadharia ya Uhalisia iliasisiwa na Georg Lukacs (1938). Nadharia hii hueleza ukweli kama ulivyo katika jamii. Mihimili ya nadharia ya uhalisia iliufaa utafiti huu kwa kuonyesha kuwa John Habwe anawachora wahusika vimada kama wanavyojitokeza katika jamii. Data ya kimsingi ilitoka kwenye riwaya teule. Riwaya teule zilisomwa ili kupata kauli na matendo ya wahusika vimada. Utafiti huu ni wa kimaelezo ambapo kila lengo lilichanganuliwa katika sura yake mahususi kwa kuihusisha mihimili ya nadharia ya Uhalisia. Utafiti huu ulifanyiwa maktabani ambapo vitabu, tasnifu na majarida yalisomwa pamoja na kusakura mitandao ili kupata tafiti zilizokuwa za punde zaidi kote ulimwenguni. Utafiti umegundua kuwa wahusika vimada wamesawiriwa kwa hali chanya katika mahusiano yao na wahusika wengine katika riwaya teule. Isitoshe, utafiti umebaini kuwa wahusika vimada katika riwaya teule wameathiri maisha ya wahusika wengine kwa namna chanya na kuishia kuboresha hali ya maisha ya wahusika wanaokaa nao kinyumba. Utafiti huu unatarajiwa kutoa mchango katika uhakiki wa utanzu wa riwaya kuhusu usawiri wa wahusika katika riwaya ya Kiswahili.
Nyumba Kumi Initiative and National Security in Garissa County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ruth Mbuli
Despite the rolling out of Community Policing Initiative in Kenya, some regions such as North Eastern Kenya and more specifically Garissa County continue to suffer periodic terrorist attacks from the Al Shabaab militant group. It is against this light that this study sought to examine how Nyumba Kumi composition, training and information gathering affect National Security in Garissa County. This study was guided by three theories; stakeholder theory, liberal peace theory and social bond theory. A descriptive research design was employed to gather relevant data from respondents in Garissa Township. The study’s target population was 1299 respondents. These include police officers, administrative officers (DCCs, ACCs Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs), religious leaders and civilians serving in Community Policing Committees. Purposive sampling was employed to select knowledgeable informants such DCCs, ACCs Assistant Chiefs and Chiefs. The researcher employed stratified sampling techniques to select 20% of the study population from police officers, religious leaders, and Community Policing Committee members. Data collection involved both interview schedules and structured questionnaires. Additionally, secondary research sources such as government reports and online materials were utilized. Qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis to uncover patterns and themes. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS software version 31, focusing on descriptive statistics to summarize and present findings, including frequencies, means, and percentages. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships among the independent variables. The findings reveal a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation (0.355, p=0.006) between the composition of the Community Policing Committee (CPC) and the state of national security in Garissa County, indicating that improvements in CPC composition enhance national security. Similarly, there exist a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation (0.378, p=0.011) between community security training and national security, highlighting the importance of training in strengthening security outcomes. Additionally, a weak to moderate but statistically significant positive correlation (0.287, p=0.034) exists between information gathering and dissemination by the CPC and national security, underscoring the value of grassroots intelligence in security management. The study concludes that Nyumba Kumi groups composition is the strongest in strengthening national security, followed by security training of Nyumba Kumi while intelligence gathering is the weakest. The study recommends clearly defined roles for Nyumba Kumi members, alongside localized and culturally sensitive training programs tailored to the region's socio-demographic dynamics. Enhancing members' technical competence in surveillance and communication, promoting intergenerational dialogue, and strengthening trust-based collaboration with formal security actors are highly recommended to strengthen intelligence gathering. To ensure adaptability to evolving threats, the establishment of robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks is essential.
Firm Characteristics and Financial Stability of Insurance Companies, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ndwiga, Ruth Marie Mwende
The stability of the financial industry, along with the broader health of the national economy, was adversely affected by instability within the sector. Such instability exposed financial companies to numerous disruptions, potentially leading to insolvency and eventual closure due to the high costs involved in maintaining stability in intermediary roles. Insurance companies in Kenya experienced significant challenges to their financial stability between 2018 and 2022, largely linked to inadequate attention to firm characteristics. The study investigated firm characteristics that affect financial stability of insurance companies in Kenya. In particular, it examined how capital adequacy, premium growth, and firm liquidity influenced financial stability. The research also evaluated the moderating effect of firm size on the association between firm characteristics and financial stability. This research was founded on the theoretical framework of agency theory, economies of scale theory, capital buffer theory, and liquidity preference theory. The research was descriptive in nature and targeted all 56 insurance firms in Kenya. The secondary information was sourced using the data provided by the Insurance Regulatory Authority and the financial records of the companies between the years 2018 and 2023. Quantitative research was employed, with descriptive statistics and inferential analysis being applied. Correlation and panel data regression were conducted. The level of significance of the results was 5%. The diagnostic tests were heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, normality, autocorrelation, stationarity, and the Hausman test to validate the results. Ethical considerations were upheld through the use of authorized data sources, confidentiality of firm records, and compliance with academic integrity standards. The research concluded that capital adequacy (β =0.423, p<0.05) and premium growth (β =0.315, p<0.05) had a positive influence on financial stability whereas firm liquidity (β =-0.278, p<0.05) had a negative impact. Firm size moderated these relationships (β =0.192, p<0.05), improving financial stability. The results emphasized the importance of high capital cushions and premium growth strategies that are sustainable. The results were informative to policymakers, regulators, and insurance companies to improve financial stability with specific strategies aimed at premium growth and liquidity management. The study indicated the direction of future research on other moderating factors and the exterior nomic factors that are having a positive impact on insurance corporations in Kenya
Microfinance Interventions and Growth of Small-Scale Enterprises in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Mungai Ruth Njeri
This study sought to evaluate the influence of microfinance interventions on the expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within Kiambu County, Kenya. The specific objective of the study were; to determine the effect of financing intervention on growth of small and medium enterprises in Kiambu county Kenya, to determine the effects of financial literacy education on growth of small and medium enterprises in Kiambu county Kenya, to evaluate the effect of managerial capacity building on growth of small and medium enterprises in Kiambu county and to assess the effect of market networking on growth of small and medium enterprises in Kiambu county Kenya. The research concentrated on four primary support mechanisms provided by microfinance institutions to SMEs: financial accessibility, enhancement of financial management capabilities, instruction in business administration, and connections to potential clientele. The study was anchored in the Pecking Order Theory, Network Theory, and Evolutionary Theory. A stratified random sampling approach was employed to select 398 SMEs, and data collection followed a descriptive research design. Participants included either proprietors or organizational managers. Quantitative data were analyzed through both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, with regression analysis executed using SPSS software. Validity tests and diagnostic procedures, including normality, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity, were undertaken to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the findings. The study was conducted while adhering to ethical principles and ensuring the confidentiality of the data. The results showed that financial initiatives contributed to increases in SME growth (p <0.05). Financial literacy positively influenced SME growth at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). The results showed that managerial capacity building had a positive influence on SME growth (p < 0.05). Engaging in market networking significantly contributed to the growth of SMEs (p = 0.027). The study concluded that microfinance institutions provide comprehensive support, expand outreach initiatives, improve networking opportunities, leverage technology, and work together with public and development partners to boost SME growth. The study therefore recommended that government officials and policymakers should collaborate with Microfinance institutions to design flexible loan products that suit the operational realities of the small businesses while minimizing the risk of default. It is also recommended that Microfinance institutions should strengthen their financial literacy programs while incorporating digital forms of education to equip small business owners with skills on how to manage loans and other investments effectively, and that the training should be practical and need-based, delivered in formats that accommodate varying literacy levels in both urban and rural establishments.
Land Use Changes and Human-Wildlife Conflict in Kajiado County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Rotich, Diane Chepkirui
In recent years, specific land use changes have been identified as key drivers of human wildlife conflict in Kajiado. Pastoral activities, which once coexisted with wildlife, are increasingly leading to competition over dwindling grazing lands. Settlement pattern changes and infrastructure development, such as roads and housing projects, have fragmented habitats, increasing the frequency of wildlife entering human settlements. Agricultural expansion, which converts wildlife corridors into farmlands, has been noted as a major contributor to habitat loss, driving wildlife to forage in farms, leading to destruction and tension between wildlife conservation efforts and community livelihoods. The broad objective of the study was to assess the effect of Land Use Changes on Human Wildlife Conflict in Kajiado County, Kenya. The specific land use changes that was focused on comprised of changes in pastoral activities, settlement pattern changes, agricultural expansion and infrastructure development. The Land Tenure Theory and Habitat Suitability Theory anchored the study. The study used descriptive design targeting the local community representatives, farmers and pastoralists, wildlife rangers and officers, community leaders, Government and County Officials and Wildlife Conservation Organizations. In total, the target population comprised of 2419 respondents. A stratification of the population was done to enhance sampling while random sampling was applied to identify the specific respondents from ach stratum. A sample size of 343 respondents was determined using Cochran's formula. A combination of structured questionnaires and semi structured interview guides were employed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed using mean and standard deviation and Pearson Correlation Coefficient for inferential analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the analysis were displayed in form of tables and figures. The study established that land use changes comprising of changes in pastoral activities, settlement pattern changes, agricultural expansion and infrastructure development positively and significantly affect human wildlife conflict in Kajiado County. This was depicted by beta values of 0.213, 0.538, 0.411 and 0.329 and significant values of 0.009, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively. The study concluded that increase in the land use changes increases animal wildlife conflicts in Kajiado County. The study recommends promoting sustainable grazing practices, regulating settlement patterns, and implementing wildlife friendly farming to minimize human wildlife conflicts in Kajiado County. This study recommends integrating wildlife considerations into development plans, enforcing land use policies, and engaging stakeholders may help balance conservation efforts with economic growth