Kenyatta University Repository
Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of the Institution
IMPORTANT LINKS
Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Virtual Field Trips in Instruction and Their Effect on Learners’ Performance in History and Government among Secondary Schools, Murang’a County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Laichena, Edward Mutabari
The use of Virtual Field Trips (VFTs) in teaching has presented opportunities for learners to remotely visit educational sites. This has helped institutions to offer learners with quality learning without a corresponding cost. Although VFTs are believed to support experiential learning, their impact on teaching and learning of History and Government has not been extensively explored. Therefore, the main focus of this study was to determine the effect of VFTs on learners' performance in History and Government. The study was guided by the following objectives; (i) Investigate (a) teachers’ and (b) learners’ perceptions towards the use of VFTs in teaching and learning History and Government; (ii) Establish the extent to which teachers utilized VFTs in teaching and learning History and Government; (iii) Determine the effect of VFTs on teaching and learning History and Government and, (iv) Explore the challenges experienced by teachers and learners using VFTs in teaching and learning History and Government in Murang’a County, Kenya. The study was guided by Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge Theory (TPACK) by Mishra and Koehler (2006). The study adopted a Quasi-Experimental Design targeting 35 public sub county secondary schools with a target population of 3,329 respondents. Four public sub county secondary schools were purposively sampled to ensure they were spread accross the county. Also, three teachers in each school under study were purposively sampled while two classes of learners from each sampled school was randomly selected. A sample size of 379 respondents made up of teachers and form one learners of History and Government took part in the study. The research instruments used were learners questionnaires, interview schedules for teachers, History and Government assessment tests, and classroom observation schedules. Piloting was done on all research instruments and reliability accepted at r=0.657. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data for descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that teachers and learners had positive perceptions towards the use of VFTs though they faced challenges. Also, the majority of teachers and learners were not using VFTs for teaching and learning. Further, the use of VFTs in instruction significantly affected learners' academic performance at t (365) = 15.50, p=0.00. Thus, a VFT Teaching Model was developed to assist teachers in the preparation and use of VFTs for instructional purposes. The study recommended the Ministry of Education and Teachers Service Commission organize training for teachers of History and Government to equip them with skills for preparation and use of VFTs for teaching and learning. Also, teacher training institutions should endeavor to equip teacher trainees with skills to exploit VFTs in their specific subject teaching areas. It is anticipated that the study findings and recommendations highlighted will provide knowledge and skills to teachers to improve teaching and learning for better academic performance.
Critical Success Factors and Performance of Project in Export Processing Zones in Kenya: A Study of Athi River Export Processing Zone
(Kenyatta University, 2025-07) Akida Onyong’o George
Many projects around the world keep failing, resulting in loss of millions of dollars for organizations. This persisting challenge has led many project management professionals to attempt to identify the critical factors that need to be tackled for successful project management outcome. Export processing zones are special regulatory areas established to promote export-led growth. Despite the preceding largely favourable empirical analysis, EPZs have had a record of lower-than-expected performance of projects. This informed the current study as it sought to evaluate the effect of critical success factors on performance of projects in export processing zones. The study objectives included; the effect of resource allocation, monitoring and evaluation, management commitment and stakeholder involvement on performance of projects in Export Processing Zones while focusing on Athi River Export Processing Zone. The study relied on three theories which were; Theory of Constraints, Resource Based Theory and Goal Setting Theory to support the relationship among the study variables. A descriptive research design was adopted for this research. The study population consisted of Assistant Project Managers, Project Managers, Project Officers and Project Supervisors which were one hundred (100) in number within Athi River Export Processing Zone. A Census approach was considered due to the small number of the target population. Primary data was obtained using a questionnaire which was largely based on a likert scale. The validity and reliability of the research instruments was ensured before data collection and making conclusions. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for the statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics consisted of percentages, means and other central tendencies. The inferential statistic was based on multiple regression analysis. The study found that when resources are made available if and with timely disbursements upon allocation, proper monitoring and evaluation systems in place, a management team that has total commitment to the project and stakeholders’ input and involvement considered results to achievement of project objectives with little or no hick ups hence the variables had a positive significant relationship with the performance of projects in export processing zones. The study concluded that better project execution is achieved by hiring highly competent employees at the right time and effectively allocating all the resources necessary for project implementation. Companies allow project tasks to be immediately monitored at the beginning and evaluated at the end in order to obtain clear and accurate information about each achievement. The company's senior management has provided support for started projects. Management commitment leads to proper planning of project activities, allowing the project team to focus on effective project execution. The companies ensure the involvement of all relevant stakeholders in issues related to the ongoing projects in the company. The study recommended that project managers need to determine the scope of the project and the available resources, as well as properly assigning enough team members to the project. Project managers develop a plan to monitor and evaluate ongoing projects by creating a platform or system to capture and organize project data in one place, track each team member's progress, and allocate resources accordingly. Company leadership needs to communicate to team members the vision of the project to be implemented in order to set clear expectations regarding project ethics. Companies should define and identify relevant stakeholders from both internal and external sources. Analyze these stakeholders in terms of authority or power, interest in project outcomes, and ability to influence or cause change in the project
Kenya’s Health Service Delivery Obligation and the Right to Health: A Case of Machakos County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-07) Mulei, Yvonne Nduku
The right to access universal healthcare is still pipe dream in Kenya despite government efforts geared towards universal health coverage. This study sought to investigate state obligation on right to universal access to healthcare in Kenya, a case of Machakos County. Specific objectives were; to investigate the effect of state health service delivery policies on the right to health, to assess the effect of state health financing policies on the right to health, to evaluate the effect of state health governance policies on the right to health and to examine the effect of national and county government collaboration on the right to health, in Machakos County, Kenya. This study was guided by egalitarianism and human rights theories. Descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The target population was Ministry health officials, medical officers, health workers, and patients in the 198 public healthcare facilities published by Machakos County Integrated Development Plan 2023-2027. Yamane sampling formula was used to generate a sample of 100 healthcare facilities in eight sub-counties. Stratified sampling formula was used in grouping the health facilities according to their population in the sub- counties. Purposive and convenience sampling helped in the identification of healthcare officers and patients per each facility sampled and visited. Purposive sampling was also used to enable the selection of eight government officials per each sub-county. Questionnaire and interview were used to collect primary data. Prior to actual study, a pilot study was done in Nairobi County as it is nearer to Machakos County. Validity of the instruments was achieved through expert opinion. Cronbach alpha was used to ensure internal consistency of instruments of data collection. Analysis of data included descriptive and inferential statistics which were presented using tables, figures and charts. This study observed that in the spirit of right to health, all states desire their population to access healthcare services. As such, state finance and supports the nations’ health system to ensure each citizen enjoys the right to health. However, population growth and increasing dynamics within the healthcare such as emerging disease patterns, resource constraints and socio-economic factors have presented challenges to the attainment of universal healthcare and full realization of the right to health in Machakos County, Kenya. Machakos County has a small number of health facilities located in places out of reach for many, majority of patients walk long distances to access health services. The County also has inadequate healthcare workers, and experiences resource challenges and resource misallocation leading to reduced access to healthcare. In conclusion, this study recommends for increased funding for the health sector and adoption of integrative collaborative approach to ensure the right to health is fully realized by all the citizens in Machakos County, Kenya
Operations Decisions and Performance of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Projects in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-07) Kipaiyu, Serah Wambui
The performance of KALRO (Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization) projects is crucial for several reasons. It directly impacts the growth and sustainability of Kenya's agricultural sector, food security, and the livelihoods of farmers. However, only 15% of the 45 food projects that were carried out by different CBOs and the GoK in semi-arid lands in Kenya between 2010 and 2015 are still operating, while the rest are inactive and were impossible to find after the grant's expiration. In order to attain agricultural projects on time, as per the allocated budget, and with the best quality, the research seeks to analyze the impact of operations decisions and the performance of KALRO projects in Nairobi County. The specific objectives evaluated the success of KALRO projects in the County of Nairobi and the impact of management decisions, supply chain management decisions, process selection decisions, and plant decisions. Prospect theory, decision theory, utility theory, and fuzzy set theory were the foundations of the study. In a survey, the study used a descriptive research design. In Nairobi, the study focused on 50 KALRO initiatives However, only 44 responded representing overall successful rate of 97.7%. A stratified selection technique was used to choose participants from the study's target population, and the Yamane formula used to determine the size of the sample. Structured interviews and a self-administered questionnaire with a drop-and-pick later technique was used to obtain primary data. While multiple regression analysis utilized to determine the correlation between variables, descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage were used to characterize the properties of the variables. By verifying that operationalized variables relate to the theoretical construct represented, construct validity was attained. Utilizing the Cronbach alpha coefficient of inconsistency, reliability was evaluated. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, and content analysis utilized to examine qualitative data. Pie charts, frequency tables, graph percentage techniques, and contextual forms of clarity were utilized to show the research’s findings and illustrate its conclusions. The study determined that management decisions, supply chain management, process selection and plant decisions had a positive significant effect on performance of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) projects in Nairobi County. The study concludes that management decisions regarding strategic planning determine which projects are prioritized based on their alignment with national agricultural goals, funding availability, and community needs. Effective SCM ensures that resources such as seeds, fertilizers, and livestock are procured and allocated efficiently. The choice of processes directly affects the quality and relevance of research outputs. The choice of plant varieties for research and development projects can determine the success of agricultural initiatives. The study recommends that the organization should implement comprehensive data collection methods to gather quantitative and qualitative data on project performance. The organization should evaluate existing supply chain processes to identify inefficiencies, bottlenecks, and areas for improvement. The organization should identify and engage key stakeholders, including farmers, government agencies, NGOs, and local communities, to understand their needs and expectations. The organization should develop a clear M&E framework that outlines key performance indicators for each project.
Public-Private Partnership Mechanisms and the Performance of Road Projects in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Kirima Nicodemus Njoroge
Road construction plays a critical role in stimulating Kenya’s economic growth and enhancing productivity by improving connectivity between various factors of production. However, the successful implementation and performance of road infrastructure projects require substantial financial and technical resources that are not always readily available. To overcome these constraints, the Government of Kenya has increasingly relied on Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a strategic approach for mobilizing private-sector financing, innovation, and technical expertise. Unlike the public sector, private entities operate on profit-driven principles, necessitating well-designed cost-recovery mechanisms to sustain long-term investment viability. This study assessed the effect of Public–Private Partnership mechanisms on the performance of road infrastructure projects in Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the influence of project identification, project financing, project risk management, and stakeholder participation mechanisms on the performance of road infrastructure development projects. The research was anchored on Policy Network Theory, the Theory of Constraints, and the Resource-Based View. A mixed-method research design was employed, targeting 165 respondents involved in 15 PPP road projects across the country. Both primary and secondary data were used, with questionnaires and key informant interviews serving as the primary data collection methods. Reliability of the research instrument was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, while descriptive and inferential statistics including multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that project identification, project financing, project risk management, and stakeholder participation had positive and statistically significant effects on the performance of PPP road projects in Kenya. The study further established that the legal framework significantly moderated the relationship between PPP mechanisms and project performance. The research contributed to theory and practice by developing an integrated analytical framework that combines institutional, financial, and stakeholder dimensions of PPP project performance. The findings have significant policy implications. For the Government of Kenya, the results provide evidence to guide enhancements of PPP legal and regulatory reforms geared toward strengthening contract governance, fiscal discipline, and institutional accountability. For international development partners, the study offers insights supporting targeted investment, co-financing arrangements, and capacity-building interventions for sustainable infrastructure delivery. For non-governmental organizations and civil society, the findings highlight opportunities to promote stakeholder engagement, transparency, and social inclusion throughout the project cycle. Overall, the study integrates theoretical, empirical, and policy perspectives and provides practical guidance for strengthening PPP strategies within Kenya’s road infrastructure sector and similar contexts across Sub-Saharan Africa.