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Risk Mitigation Strategies and Supply Chain Performance of Petroleum Marketing Firms in Kisumu County, Kenya
(Asian Basic and Applied Research Journal, 2025-10) Walela, Isaac Karani; Chege,Perris
Supply chain performance is important for petroleum marketing firms (PMFs) since it can strongly impact the profitability and customer satisfaction. However, Kisumu County imports 100% of its crude oil, making it vulnerable to supply chain disruptions caused by increasing complexities in the global supply markets. The investigation assessed the influence of risk mitigation strategies (demand, operational, supply and financial risk mitigation strategies) on Kisumu County petroleum marketing firms' supply chain performance, Kenya. This investigation was based on the Resource-Based View, Agency, and Supply Chain Risk Management Theory. The target population consisted of the 47 registered PMFs that have a presence in Kisumu County, according to the Ministry of Trade, Kisumu County. A census of all the 47 registered PMFs in Kisumu County was done. Questionnaires were utilised to obtain primary data and contained both structured and unstructured questions, the target respondents being 99 senior managers from 47 registered PMFs. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) were used to analyse data collected. Findings revealed that operational risk mitigation strategies positively (β = 0.377) and significantly (ρ = 0.000) affect the firm's supply chain performance. Financial risk mitigation strategies negatively (β = -0.189) and significantly (ρ = 0.018) affect the supply chain performance of petroleum marketing firms in Kisumu County, Kenya. The results suggest that firms that successfully address supply risks—like fuel availability disruptions, procurement delays, or variations in supplier reliability—tend to enjoy greater stability and performance in their supply chains. The study recommends that these firms shift their focus toward enhancing other aspects of supply chain management that have a more pronounced impact. In particular, building stronger relationships with suppliers and customers should be a top priority to boost operational efficiency and cut costs. This can be done through strategic collaboration, like joint planning, open communication, and shared risk management practice
Edge Computing Technology and Efficiency of Electronic Community Health Information System in Nyeri County, Kenya
(East African Journal of Business and Economics, 2025-11) Waweru, Peter Kimotho; Mutuku, Morrisson
The success of Community Health Promotion (CHP) depends on seamless data processing, real-time analytics, and secure communication within health systems. The Government of Kenya launched the digitisation of CHP through the electronic Community Health Information System (eCHIS) in September 2023 to address community health challenges. eCHIS use Edge Computing Technology (ECT). While the technology can enhance both the effectiveness and efficiency of eCHIS, critical issues need to be addressed to ensure its efficiency. The overall study's objective was to examine the effects of edge computing on the efficiency of the eCHIS at Nyeri County in Kenya. Specific research objectives included: establishing the effect of edge data management and edge computing connectivity on the efficiency of eCHIS. The research was guided by Technology-Organisation-Environment and Protection Motivation Theory. The research used a Descriptive Survey Design. The target population was 2510 Community Health Promoters in Nyeri County, and 345 were sampled. The collection of primary data was through questionnaires. Questionnaire validity was assessed using content and construct validity. The researcher employed Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient method to ascertain the reliability of a questionnaire with a 0.7 reliability threshold. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were applied. The findings showed that there is a strong, significant relationship between edge data management and the effectiveness of eCHIS in Nyeri County in Kenya (r=0.516, p=0.000) and a strong, significant relationship between edge computing connectivity and the effectiveness of eCHIS in Nyeri County in Kenya (r=0.791, p=0.000). The recommendations are; the ministry of health should strengthen cybersecurity by ensuring that all edge computing devices are installed with updated antivirus software, encryption, and firewalls, CHPs should ensure proper classification, authentication, and timely entry of community health data, and health systems developers should design eCHIS that are easy to use, secure, and responsive to the health needs of the community.
Risk Management Strategies and Performance of Selected Road Construction Projects in Kenya
(Research Publish Journals, 2025-11-18) Mbogori,Kenneth Njuguna; Mutuku, Morrisson
Kenya’s road construction sector continues to experience delays, cost overruns, and incomplete projects despite major public investment, with nearly 55% of projects facing significant performance challenges. This study examined how environmental, financial, political, and logistical risk management strategies influence the performance of selected road construction projects in Kenya. Guided by contingency, agency, and stakeholder theories, the study adopted a descriptive research design targeting 90 project managers, using a census approach and semi-structured questionnaires for data collection. Descriptive and inferential analyses revealed that all four risk management dimensions have a positive and significant effect on project performance. The study concludes that integrating environmental considerations at the planning stage, strengthening financial risk controls, prioritizing political risk mitigation, and improving logistical coordination are critical for effective project delivery. It recommends early risk identification, comprehensive mitigation planning, and strong stakeholder engagement to enhance performance outcomes in Kenya’s road construction projects.
Assessing the cost implications of integrating and scaling up HIV services for key populations in Kenya and Malawi
(Oxford University Press, 2025-10) Andrea Salas-Ortiz; Marjorie Opuni; Figueroa ,José Luis; Sánchez-Morales,Jorge Eduardo; Banda, Louis Masankha; Olawo, alice; Munthali, Spy; Korir, julius k.; Meghan DiCarlo; Sergio Bautista-Arredondo
imited research has been conducted on strategies to improve the efficiency of HIV services for key populations (KPs). This study investigates
ways to enhance healthcare delivery efficiency, focusing on HIV services for KPs. We explore two strategies: expanding service volume and
offering multiple HIV services within a single health facility. Using data from the Linkages Across the Continuum of HIV Services for Key
Populations Affected by HIV (LINKAGES) program in Kenya and Malawi, we exploit the variation in services provided to assess correlations
between different service delivery configurations and their costs. We apply log-log fixed-effects regression models to analyze relationships
between the total costs of four HIV services and the volume and range of services delivered. We find that service volume increases correlate
with higher total costs, albeit less than proportionally, consistent with possible economies of scale. Negative correlations between service
integration and total costs suggest that integrating HIV services for KPs could lead to reduced total costs for some service combinations.
These results indicate potential strategies to increase the efficiency of HIV services for KPs, which can inform strategic planning and program
execution in Kenya, Malawi, and similar countries
Public Expenditure Effect on Household Welfare in Kenya
(IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF), 2025-10-25) Mala, Hanningtone Okendo; Omolo, Jacob; Etyang, Martin
Background: One tool that governments utilize to enhance household wellbeing is public expenditure. The
United Nations emphasized in 2005 that governments would need to increase public spending in the areas of
agriculture, health, infrastructure, and education if the Millennium Development Goal targets were to be
realized. This was stressed even more in 2015 under the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. Between 2006 and 2022, public spending on health, infrastructure, agriculture, and education
grew by almost 25 per cent of total national spending in Kenya. Compared to the 2030 Sustainable
Development Goal of eradicating poverty, the projected number of impoverished individuals in 2021 was 38.6
per cent, in the field of education, the enrollment rates for primary and secondary schools were 47.8 per cent
and 88.4 per cent, respectively, in 2015, falling short of the Sustainable Development Goal objective of 100 per
cent target. In the health sector despite the Sustainable Development Goals' aim of fewer than 25 deaths per
1,000 live births by 2030, the maternal mortality rate remained high in 2022, with 41 deaths per 1,000 live
births. Kenya will not be able to meet the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, which include poverty
eradication, healthy within the nation, if these trends continue. An increase in public expenditure on health and
education without corresponding effects on household welfare has raised concerns among policymakers. Thus,
the goal of the study was to ascertain how public spending affects household welfare in Kenya.
Methodology: The study used data from the Basic Report on Well-Being, which is an extract from the Kenya
Integrated Household Budget Survey for the 2015–16 year. Public expenditure data at the county levels
covering all the 47 counties for the period 2014 to 2016 were used in the analysis, taking the county as the unit
of study. The study used Ordinary Least Squares method to address the objective.
Results: The study found that there was empirical support that a 1 per cent increase in government spending on
agriculture would enhance household welfare by 0.1 per cent and 0.3 per cent, respectively, with regard to food
and non-food household consumption. In addition, the study found that household welfare would improve by
0.18 per cent in terms of aggregate household consumption when the government increases public expenditure
on agriculture by one percent. However, the study established that public spending on education had a positive
impact on household welfare in terms of food and total household spending, whereas public spending on health
per capita only had a positive impact on household spending on nonfood items.
Conclusion: The study concluded that both national and county governments should allocate more funds to
infrastructure, education, and agriculture, so that to improve household welfare status among Kenyan citizens