Prevalence of Viral Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit and Those under Mechanical Ventilation in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
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Date
2018
Authors
Kipsang, A. K
Burugu, M. W
Arodi, W. O
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
International Journal of Virology and Molecular Biology
Abstract
Any nation must ensure that the prevalence and incidence of particular disease is kept in check and that the
population is aware in case of an increase in incidences and prevalence of a particular disease. Viruses are responsible for a
large proportion of respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia. Mechanical ventilation as part of intensive care is used to
support the lungs and cannot reverse any underlying diseases; however secondary complications that occur include bacterial
and viral respiratory infections. These infections prolong the length of hospital stay hence impacting on available resources,
in addition it also increases morbidity and mortality rates especially in patients with chronic illnesses and those who are
immunosuppressed. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial
virus, Human Parainfluenza virus, Human metapneumovirus, adenovirus and Coronavirus in patients who are mechanically
ventilated and those in the intensive care unit. It is a comparative study that sought to determine the burden of these viruses in
this group of patients. The study was done at Moi teaching and referral hospital in Uasin Gishu County. Sample collection
period was from 1
st April 2017 to 30th August 2017. A total of 186 samples of broncho-alveolar lavage was collected and
transported at 2-8°C to KEMRI Centre for Virus Research for analysis. The viral nucleic acid was detected using reverse
transcriptase polymerase (RT-PCR) chain reaction. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to aid in coding, entry and
analysis of data. Viral test results were log-transformed to ensure normal distribution of the data and expressed as
mean±standard deviation. Comparison of the viral type based on the sex of the patient and ward type was determined using
ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test using GenStat Release 14.1 (PC/Windows). Majority of the study population was in the
age bracket of above 65 years old which represented 28.8% of the study population, age group 50 to 64 years represented
24.4%, 35 to 49 years (20%), 5 to 19 years (13%), less than 5 years (11%) while the minority was age group of 20 to 34 years
with 3% of the study population. Male represented 57.2% of the population that was involved and 42.3% were female. From
this study the results indicate that viral respiratory tract infections are prevalent in patients both in the intensive care unit and
those under mechanical ventilation in the general wards at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. It is evident that the
infections occur across all age groups; however children less than 5 years and the elderly above 65 years recorded a higher
prevalence in most viral infections as compared to other age groups. This data will find utilization in Moi Teaching and
Referral Hospital in the management of the patients in the ICU and those under mechanical ventilation and overall it will
contribute significantly to the reduction of mortality.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Prevalence, Mechanical ventilation, Co-infection, Nosocomial, Mortality, Lower respiratory tract, Upper respiratory tract
Citation
Kipsang A. K. et al.: Prevalence of Viral Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit and Those under Mechanical Ventilation in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya