Hepatotoxicity and Anaemia Co-morbidity in Treated HIV Patients in Fundong Subdivision in the Northwest Region of Cameroon
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Date
2017
Authors
Abongwa, Lem Edith
Nyamache, Anthony Kebira
Akono, Nantia
Sunjo, Stanley
Nange, Vera
Balan, Hebert
Charles, Fokunang
Torimiro, Judith
Okemo, Paul
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Microbiology Research Journal International
Abstract
Aims: Hepatotoxicity and anaemia are relevant adverse effects of highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART) and can cause interruption of therapy and death. However, there is dearth of
information on hepatotoxicity and anaemia co-morbidity especially in rural areas. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of Hepatotoxicity and Anaemia co-morbidity among HIV
patients treated with either Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Efavirenz or Zidovudine + Lamivudine +
Nevirapine or Tenofovir + lamivudine + Efavirenz in Fundong.
Study Design: In total, 150 drug naïve patients who have been followed up for 18 months with age
between 15 and 74 years were recruited into the study. Baseline and 18 months levels of CD4
counts, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) and Haemoglobin
concentration (Hb) were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from patients visiting the day hospital in
Fundong District Hospital between January-March 2015.
Methodology: HIV was diagnosed using Alere determine HIV rapid test kit and Bioline or Oral
Quick test kit for the confirmatory test. CD4 counts were determined using the Alere Pima™ CD4
cartridge machine. Hb, ALT and AST counts were determined by colometric enzymatic reaction
using the urit 3300 machine and classified based on age and sex.
Results: The majority of patients were female 115(76.7%) and belonged to the <30 years age
range 48(32%). The prevalence of anaemia decreased from 86(57.3%) to 69(45.6%) at the end of
the study period. In all, 46(30.7%) patients had hepatotoxicity and anaemia co-morbidity which was
higher in the age group <30 years 30(41.7%) and in female 37(32.2%). A total of 1(0.7%) and
10(6.7%) patients developed severe hepatotoxicity using ALT and AST respectively. The
prevalence of hepatotoxicity was higher in male (31.4% and 62.9%) and in the age group 30-
39years (29.5% and 68.2%) for ALT and AST, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia and
elevated AST and ALT were higher in persons with CD4 <200cells/µl. There was a significant
correlation (P<0.001) between CD4 and Hb (r=0.193), CD4 and ALT(r=-0.149) and CD4 and
AST(r=-0.193).
Conclusion: Hepatotoxicity especially Grades 1-2 and not anaemia is a significant adverse effect
of HAART upon time.
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Hepatotoxicity, Anaemia, HIV, Highly active antiretroviral therapy
Citation
Abongwa, L. E., Nyamache, A. K., Akono, N., Sunjo, S., Nange, V., Balan, H., ... & Okemo, P. (2017). Hepatotoxicity and Anaemia Co-morbidity in Treated HIV Patients in Fundong Subdivision in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Microbiology Research Journal International, 1-10.