Genetic Diversity Studies on Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L) Populations Based on Aroma and Cooked Kernel Elongation
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Date
2015
Authors
Wambua, F. Kioko
Mawia, A. Musyoki
Ngugi, M. Piero
Karau, G. Muriira
Nyamai, D. Wavinya
Lagat, Rose
Matheri, Felix
Ngari, L. Ngithi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
OMICS International
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Improving cooking and
eating quality of rice is one of the important objectives of many plant breeding programs. Aroma and cooked kernel
elongation are two critical parameters that determine the market value, cooking and eating qualities of rice. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of thirteen (13) Oryza sativa L. populations from Kenyan
and Tanzanian. Genetic diversity was determined using 8 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Diversity data
was analyzed using POWERMARKER version 3.25 and GENALEX v 6.5 software packages. The number of alleles
per locus ranged from 2 to 4 alleles with an average of 3.12 across 8 loci. The polymorphic information content (pic)
ranged from 0.2920 (RM 282) to 0.6409 (RM 339) in all loci with an average of 0.4821. Pair-wise genetic dissimilarity
coefficients ranged from 0.1125 to 0.9003 with an average of 0.5312. The average gene diversity over all SSR loci for
the 13 rice varieties was 0.6036, ranging from 0.3550 to 0.6391. Maximum genetic similarity was observed between
Kilombero and Supa, BS 370 and BS 217. Minimum genetic similarity was observed between Kahogo and BS 217.
Cluster analysis was used to group varieties by constructing dendrograms based on SSR data and morphological
characterization of grains. The dendrogram based on SSR data formed two distinct clusters of the 13 rice varieties.
RM 339 and RM 241 were the most informative markers and could be used for differentiating rice varieties from
diverse geographical origins. Results obtained from this study demonstrated that use of trait specific SSR markers
can be relied upon in diversity studies among diverse and closely related genotypes. RM 339 and RM 241 markers
are recommended for use in diversity studies and in quality assurance for grading of rice varieties. Further analysis
should be carried out using a larger number of samples and markers to come up a more conclusive report on the
discriminating power of microsatellite markers based on rice grain quality traits.
Description
DOI:10.4172/2329-9002.1000158
Keywords
Rice, Aroma, Kernel elongation, Genetic diversity
Citation
J Phylogen Evolution Biol Volume 3 Issue 4; 2015