Matiko, Bonfas Murimi2026-02-092026-02-092025-09https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/32324A Research Project Submitted To the School Law, Arts And Social Sciences in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For The Award of the Degree of Master of Arts in Peace and Conflicts Management Of Kenyatta University. SEP 2025It was an indisputable fact that a well-managed mining sector could significantly contribute to the prosperity of any nation. On the other hand, improper management of mining exacerbated disputes and had horrifying effects on the local populace. This study explored mining conflicts on community development in Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan. The specific objectives of this study were to investigate the nature of mining conflicts in Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan, to examine their consequences on community development in Eastern Equatoria State, South Sudan, and to identify potential strategies to mitigate these conflicts and promote sustainable development in mining-affected communities in Eastern Equatoria State. The study was guided by Resource Abundance Theory and Human Ecology Theory (HET). A descriptive research design based on the quantitative and qualitative approach was adopted. Data were collected using a quantitative method of a questionnaire survey and the qualitative technique of oral interviews. Computer programs like the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) were used to develop tables and figures, using frequency and percentage statistics. Both primary and secondary methods of data collection were employed. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select respondents. Research instruments included interview schedules with open-ended questions. The study found that mining activities in Eastern Equatoria, South Sudan, are widely recognized, with 100% awareness among community members. Conflicts were prevalent, including resource exploitation (31.82%), violence (24.55%), and land disputes (10%), which severely hindered community development. Mining conflicts disrupted education (96.36%) and healthcare (96.36%), worsened unemployment (80%), and harmed social cohesion (85.5%). Environmental impacts, such as water pollution and deforestation, were reported by 87.3% of respondents. Key strategies to mitigate conflicts included increased government oversight (30%) and better compensation mechanisms (24.5%), with high community interest in participation (86.4%). The study concluded that mining conflicts in Eastern Equatoria negatively impact community development and social stability, with severe consequences for education, healthcare, and the environment. There is a significant gap in government intervention, leading to widespread dissatisfaction and a pressing need for improved regulation. Community-based and collaborative approaches with mining companies were viewed as essential to sustainable conflict resolution, as well as initiatives that support local capacity building.The study recommended that government oversight should be strengthened to enforce mining regulations effectively. Mining companies should establish fair compensation mechanisms for affected communities to foster equitable resource sharing. Collaboration with local communities should be prioritized, including joint decision-making initiatives to align operations with community needs. Finally, building local capacity in mining oversight and sustainable development practices is essential to empower communities and reduce long-term conflicts, promoting a more resilient and sustainable approach to regional developmentenThesis