Osore, MiriamNgugi, Pamela2023-11-232023-11-232005Miriam Osore & Pamela Ngugi (2005): ‘The Contribution of the Germans to the Spread and Development of Kiswahili Language and Literature’, Paper published in Across Boarders: Benefiting from Cultural Differences (2005), edited by Bett R., Etzolds; & Mullerm, E., Nairobi, DAAD, pp 289 – 299.http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/27193conference proceedingsFollowing the partition of Africa, Tanganyika (mainland) was declared a German colony in 1885. The German.s had a brief rule, which was terminated with their defeat in the First World War. By the time the Germans co-Ionized Tanganyika, they found that Kiswahili had already spread in the interior by Arab and Swahili caravan traders. There were also-coastal people, Kiswahili speakers, who had settled in such inland centres such as Tabora and Ujiji. Kiswahili was already serving as a form of 'linqua-franca' in the mainland Tanganyika long before the advent _of the German colonization. During the German rule, they made use of this rich 'lingua-franca' in education and administration.enWorking Paper