Gacheri, NkathaWanjala, Bramwel W.Jamnadass, RamniMuchugi, Alice2017-11-272017-11-272016African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 15(31), pp. 1673-1680, 3 August, 20161684-5315http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/17859DOI: 10.5897/AJB2016.15282Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Canellaceae) occurs in East and Central Africa and is an important multipurpose tree species. Over-exploitation of natural forests for medicinal purposes and clearance for farming threaten the species survival. Cultivation of the tree species would ensure sustainable medicinal source and its conservation. However, on-farm genetic diversity of the species is currently unknown. The genetic diversity of the on-farm W. ugandensis populations and their proximate natural populations were analyzed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Four primer combinations produced a total of 223 polymorphic bands. Both the natural and on-farm populations had high genetic diversity ranging from H = 0.2892 to H = 0.1278. Principal co-ordinates analysis and dendrogram separated the ten populations into two major groups corresponding to Kenyan and Tanzanian populations, respectively. Ugandan populations were shared between the two major groups; this is probably because Uganda is believed to be the centre of diversity for W. ugandensis. Close genetic relationships between the on-farm and their proximate natural population were revealed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that a total of 54% AFLP variation resided within populations with 46% reside among populations. The high genetic diversity of W. ugandensis on-farm populations could be useful in germplasm collection and conservation strategies.enWarburgia ugandensisAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)DomesticationGenetic diversityOn-farmNaturalArticle