Yonge, Shadrack A.Bibi AbdallaRekha R. SharmaKibira, Agnes W.Githogori, Nancy W.2026-01-262026-01-262025-12Yonge SA, Abdalla B, Sharma RR, Kibira AW, Githogori NW. Factors influencing the onset of tuberculosis in HIV-positive adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in the coastal area of Kenya. Int J Community Med Public Health 2025;12:5397-406.2394-6040https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/32204Research ArticleBackground: Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in patients with HIVAIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the development of tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients who frequent public hospitals in coastal Kenya. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a hospital environment with 600 HIV-positive adults undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) at 35 government hospitals in Mombasa County. Results: The patient’s age (AOR=1.120; 95% CI: 1.011-2.231), initial CD4 cell count (AOR=0.870; 95% CI: 0.710- 0.940), individuals residing independently (AOR=1.200; 95% CI: 1.048-1.120), female patients undergoing treatment (AOR=0.775; 95% CI: 0.562-0.843), absence of opportunistic infections (AOR=0.862; 95% CI: 0.728-0.932), those who have not disclosed their HIV status (AOR=1.239; 95% CI: 1.081-2.339), patients living in rural areas (AOR=1.132; 95% CI: 1.030-1.451), individuals lacking formal education (AOR=1.120; 95% CI: 1.052-1.541), patients demonstrating poor adherence to treatment (AOR=1.221; 95% CI: 1.190-2.451), bedridden patients (AOR=1.222; 95% CI: 1.129-1.519), ambulatory patients (AOR=1.153; 95% CI: 1.090-1.263), and non-smokers (AOR=0.850; 95% CI: 0.681-0.932) were all significantly associated with the variable being studied. Conclusions: Additionally, factors such as alcohol consumption, drug toxicity, and the initial clinical WHO stages significantly influenced the advancement of tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals receiving treatment.enArticle