Antibiotic resistant Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from indiginous Gallus domesticus in Nairobi, Kenya

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Date
2010Author
Okemo, P. O.
Kariuki, S.
Muluvi, G. M.
Wesonga, S. M.
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Show full item recordAbstract
Objective: To characterise and investigate antimicrobial resistance of Esherichia coli and
salmonella strains isolated from indigenous Gallus gallus in a leading slaughterhouse/
market outlet in Nairobi-Kenya.
Design: A repeated cross sectional study and based on random sampling was used.
Setting: The study was carried out in a leading market outlet in Nairobi, Kenya.
Results: A hundred and four indigenous chicken rectal swabs were analysed, of
which 67.3% were contaminated with Escherichia coli and 12.5% with Salmonella
typhimurium. Seventy Escherichia coli isolates showed resistance phenotypes to one,
two or more antibiotics. The most common antimicrobial resistance pattern was the
single resistance to Tet (21.43%), followed by Amp Cot Tet (14%), Aug Amp Cot Tet
(4.29%), Aug Amp Cot Tet Kan Chl (2.86%), Amp Cot Tet Chl, Cot Tet (2.86%) and
Crx Amp Cot Tet Chl, Crx Amp Cot Chi, Amp Cot, Aug Amp, (1.43%) respectively.
The highest rate of resistance was against Tet (55.7%), followed by Cot (40%). Third
in line of resistance was Amp 32.86%, followed by Aug (11.43%), low or moderate
resistance was against Chl (8.57%), Kan (4.29%), and Crx (2.86%) (P<0.0002). Salmonella
typhimurium recovered displayed single resistance pattern to Tet (16.67%), Gen Cot Tet
(8.33%), Amp Cot Tet (8.33%), Aug Amp Cot Tet (8.33%) and Amp Cot Tet Chl (16.67%).
The highest resistance was against Tet (58.3%), Cot (41.7%), Amp (33.3%), Chl (16.7%),
Aug and Gen (8.3%) respectively (P<0.0001). 3.0kb and 5.6kb plasmids isolated were
not transferable by conjugation.
Conclusion: Routine surveillance at slaughter/market outlets of Escherichia coli and
Salmonella enterica should be done to identify infected flocks as a regulatory procedure
for food safety and security programme.