Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of the Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolated from Africa Inland Church Hospital Kijabe, Kenya

Abstract

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is primarily due to excessive and often unnecessary use of antibiotics in humans and animals. A study done in low and middle income countries showed a considerable increasing resistance in Enterobacteriaceae (Ashley et al., 2011). The data revealed that affordable first line agents such as ampicillin and gentamicin are unlikely to be clinically efficacious in a substantial proportion of infections. This results in increasing reliance on the third generation cephalosporins for empirical treatment of serious infections. However, the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains into the community (Ashley et al., 2011), probably accelerated by this increased consumption, is eroding the usefulness of these drugs. Alternative agents for treating multi-resistant coliform infections, such as the carbapenems, are unaffordable for treatment of community- acquired infections in low-income countries. The clinical specimens which were used included; urine, aspirates, blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), swabs of wound, device swabbing. The design was a prospective observational. Ethical approval was sought from the Kenyatta University ethical review committee and the Ethical committee in AIC Kijabe hospital as attached. antimicrobial susceptibility among the 55 blood samples infected with K. pneumoniae showed that 100% was resistant to Ampicillin, 98% was resistant to Ceftadime, 86% was resistant to Ceftriaxone, 83% was resistant to Cefazolin, and none of the isolates was resistant to Meropenem. To test whether the difference in means in relation to antibiotics resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was significant, analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistic was used. This parametric test was used to test the hypothesis that there is no antibiotics resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from AIC Kijabe hospital. The result of analysis indicated that there was statistically significant difference among the means scores 5.547 at 0.05. It was concluded that use of antibiotics has influence on effective management in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from AIC Kijabe hospital. This study through its findings recommends that; Regular antimicrobial audits and reviews of laboratory data (surveillance) should be done so as to have proper documentation of drug resistance patterns and timely updates of antibiotic formularies. The study focused on AIC Kijabe Hospital Kiambu County only, therefore, the same study can be extended in other hospitals and other counties for comparison purposes