This chapter argues that Indigenous education in East Africa before the era of Islam was a process which went on throughout life and not limited to time, place, or to any particular group of people. Its organizational ...

Well test analysis of a horizontal well is complex and difficult to interpret. Most horizontal well mathematical models assume that horizontal wells are perfectly horizontal and are parallel to the top and bottom boundaries ...

Water is the medium through which society experiences the most dramatic and direct manifestations of climate change. At the same time, water has a critical role to play in climate change adaptation and is central towards ...

Nematodes are lower invertebrate animals and are perhaps the most numerous multicellular animals on the earth. They are generally free-living in marine, freshwater or soil environments, but a large number of species are ...

Order Homoptera include aphids, whitefly, scales, leafhoppers, and mealybugs. They are plant-sucking, and many excrete honeydew, a liquid high in sugar, which attracts ants and is used as a substrate for sooty mold fungus, ...

Most serious diseases of crop plants appear on a few plants in an area year after year, spread rapidly, and are difficult to cure after they have begun to develop. Therefore, almost all control methods are aimed at ...

Plant viruses have a huge impact on crop production throughout the world. Consequently, there has been a considerable effort and resources directed towards managing virus diseases. Crop failure due to debilitating viruses ...

Fungi are microscopic organisms that reproduce by means of spores. Only those with cell wall containing chitin are classified as true fungi. Most plant diseases are caused by fungi and most of them tend to become a problem, ...

The major quarantine pests identified recently on cut flowers include bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera spp.), leaf miner (Liriomyza sp.), white flies (mainly Bemisia tabaci), thrips (mainly western flower thrips ...

Diseases caused by bacterial plant pathogens are one of the most severe constraints to agricultural productivity. Many types of crops are attacked by these pathogens every season with substantial losses occurring. Diseases ...