Kenyatta University Repository
Kenyatta University Institutional Repository is a digital archive that collects, preserves and disseminates scholarly outputs of Kenyatta University.
Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Determination Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacterial Isolates among Reproductive Aged Non-Pregnant Women Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital
(Open Access Library Journal, 2025-02) Musili, Purity; Muturi, Margaret; Menza, Nelson
Bacteriuria is commonly found in women and about thirty three percent (33%) of adult women have encountered an incidence of symptomatic cystitis at least once in their life time. In case the uropathogens are unidentified and management undertaken, bacteriuria may cause more dangerous and adversed complications, including nephritis and renal failure. Majority of studies done in Kenya have focused on pregnant women with no documented information available on the sexually active non pregnant women population despite a heightened risk of bacteriuria in this age group. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of bacteriuria, to isolate bacterial pathogens associated with the bacteriuria, and to determine antibiotic susceptibility profile on the isolated bacterial pathogens in sexually active non pregnant women attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross sectional design and random sampling technique. Three hundred and eighty four (384) mid-stream urine samples were collected from reproductive aged non pregnant women of attending Thika Level 5 Hospital between January 2018 to December 2018. The positive samples were cultured on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) media and Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using muller hinton agar. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on the antibiotics recommended for bacteriuria by the Ministry of Health. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square test at a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Out of 384 urine samples tested, 311 (81%) samples had significant growth (P = 0.001) and 73 (19%) had no growth (P = 0.056). Bacterial pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (41.48%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (30.55%), Proteus mirabilis (13.85%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.68%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (5.47%). Among the ten antibiotics tested, bacterial isolates were sensitive to Cefuroxime at 93.2% (χ2 = 29.809, P = 0.001) and resistant to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole at 89.7% (χ2 = 62.791, P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that, Cefuroxime antibiotic is the drug of choice against bacteriuria and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole antibiotic should not be used in bacteriuria therapy. This study recommended that, since antibiotic resistance among the uropathogens is evolving problem, a routine surveillance to monitor the etiologic agents of bacteriuria and the resistance pattern should be carried out timely to choose the most effective empirical treatment by the physicians. Data obtained from this study is important in appropriate management and treatment of bacteriuria. This will help in proper prescription of the appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of bacteriuria.
Alcohol Control Policy and Regulation of Underage Drinking, a Case Study of Nyandarua County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-05) Kamau, Peter Mundia; Muna, Wilson
Despite county governments having the ultimate authority in regulating the alcohol trade and enacting new laws, alcohol remains a significant issue in Kenya. This study aims to explore how the implementation of alcohol control policies impacts underage drinking in Nyandarua County. The objectives include examining the effects of licensing regulations, and enforcement regulations on underage drinking in the county. The findings of this study will benefit the alcohol regulation board in Nyandarua County and the government of Kenya by providing valuable insights into alcohol trade regulation especially against underage drinking. The study was premised on two theories namely New Public Management and Social Exchange theories all relating to the three proxy independent variables. The research employed a descriptive research design focusing on Kinangop sub-county as the target population which has the highest number of liquor premises in Nyandarua County at 427 according to data from the department of social services. A representative sample population of 120 respondents was selected using a blend of simple random sampling on bar attendants as per Taros formula (1967) and purposeful sampling targeting government officials. Data was collected through validated semi structured questionnaires and interview guides, with both quantitative and qualitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics, content/thematic analysis and SPSS. The data has been presented using central tendency measures, measures of dispersion and bar charts. The research revealed that there somewhat enforcement of licensing requirement in the area. The study observed that there is adherence of 300m rule for liquor business from school, the branding of alcoholic drinking is checked, there is also revocation and denial of licenses for business violating licensing requirements and lastly, there is audits and compliance checks in the region. However, the study observed that there is huge gap in stakeholder’s engagement in licensing and enforcement processes. The study observed that majority of the respondents recognize corruption as major factor which is hindering the effectiveness of licensing and enforcement polices in Nyandarua County. The fight against corruption should be intensified in order to ensure effectiveness of the policies while stringent penalties should be adopted for any non-compliance with regulation and lastly, the government should greatly engage various stakeholders such as parent, community and religious leader in order to collectively address this issue of underage drinking in Nyandarua County.
The Great Commission and Presbyterianism Showcasing Tumutumu Parish, Mathira Sub-County, Kenya
(Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences, 2025-05) King’ori, Monicah; Gitome, Josephine; Gathogo, Julius
The research article examines the implementation of the Great Commission (Matthew 28:16–20) in the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA), and focuses on Tumutumu Parish in Mathira Sub-County, Nyeri County, Kenya. It explores the way in which baptism, spiritual growth, and Christian education contributes to the fulfilling of the Great Commission, from conversion to mature discipleship, as theoretically guided by David Bosch’s mission paradigm theory. Using a descriptive design, the study targeted 882 individuals, with 89 participants selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions, and then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings revealed that, despite the presence of mission oriented activities like baptism, spiritual growth initiatives, and Christian education in PCEA Tumutumu parish, these efforts have not led to a meaningful spiritual transformation among the congregants. This disconnect is mainly due to structural weaknesses, including inadequate discipleship, poor baptismal preparation, over-dependence on a single evangelist, and a lack of diverse, structured Christian education programs. It recommends improved baptismal preparations, implementation of structured discipleship, diversifying Christian education, empowering more leaders, and enhancing congregants’ engagement so as to bridge the gap between ecclesiastical activities and spiritual transformation.
Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance: A Case of National Bank of Kenya
(IAJHRBA, 2025) Wachira,Mary Wanjiru; Wainaina,Lawrence
Improving organizational performance
which entails using organizational
resources correctly to achieve set goals and
objectives is an important aspect for every
organization that seeks to survive in the
crowded and competitive market. This has
led to banks and other organizations
adopting a strategic leadership style to
ensure they perform at the optimum. The
focus of this investigation was to establish
the association between human capital
development and how the NBK performs in
the market. NBK is a registered commercial
bank in Kenya with a countrywide branch
network. NBK has continued to perform
poorly both in terms of profits and customer
deposits even when other banks record
improved performance. It was conducted
within the national bank of Kenya by
involving the head office and 9 branches in
the coast region. The study was guided by
the resources-based view (RBV) and
Transformational leadership theories. The
research employed a descriptive survey
design. To actualize this, the researcher
conducted a census using an interview
guide to collect data from 18 senior
managers at the national bank head office
located at the National Bank Building
Harambee Avenue, Nairobi. The study also
used a self-administered questionnaire with
predetermined responses requiring
respondents to pick only one item per
question. The tool was administered to 36
branch management staff in the coast
region (Malindi, Kilifi, Mtwapa, Nyali,
TUM, Bondeni, Changamwe, Nkrumah,
and Ukunda). The study registered an 80%
return rate which is acceptable for analysis.
Analysis for the study data was done using
frequencies, percentages, mean and
standard deviation while the relationship
between study variables was tested using
bivariate correlation analysis and multiple
linear regression analysis. The study
analysis show that results of analysis
showed that human capital development is
statistically significant to organizational
performance at ninety-five percent level of
confidence. Based on the findings of this
study it is recommended that the
organization should continuously develop
its human capital to make the bank increase
its performance in the market.
A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Luyia Ethnolinguistic Subgroups: The Logoli Included in the Kangemi Informal Urban Settlement Area
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2025-05) Gimode, Jessica Khadi
The study is an in-depth examination of code-switching in the Logoli speech community in the cosmopolitan Kangemi informal settlement area on the outskirts of the city of Nairobi. The aim of the study is to investigate the sociolinguistic and structural developments that result from urban language contact settings such as Kangemi. The main objective is to identify and illustrate the social motivations that influence the tendency of the Logoli speakers to alternate codes between Lulogoli, Kiswahili and English in the course of their routine conversations as well as the structural patterns that emerge in the process of codeswitching. Various methodological techniques were used in the gathering of data, including questionnaire surveys, oral interviews, tape recordings and ethnographic participantobservation techniques are highlighted. Extracts from the corpus were analysed within a theoretical framework based on two models, namely the Markedness Model and the Matrix Language Frame Model, both developed by Myers-Scotton. The study identified and interpreted, within the Markedness Model framework, the key social variables that determine code-switching behaviour among the Logoli speech community. Structural features of the corpus were also identified and analysed within the Matrix Language Frame Model. The assumptions of the model were tested and found to be supported by numerous examples from the data. A number of recommendations were made for further research on minority languages in Kenya and the need for language policy in Kenya to be formulated to take these language groups into consideration.